# OS-E: 4005 Rotating Shell

In some models, the rate of change for the response value with respect to time is very high, and the response is dominant in the design process.

## Model Files

Refer to Access the Model Files to download the required model file(s).

The model file used in this example includes:

rotating_shell_design.fem

## Model Description

The model is a rotating shell structure. A lumped mass is attached to the center of the right hole. The mass of the structure is to be minimized. The driving motion is a rotational velocity at the center of the left hole (Figure 2). The movement of the structure is like the second hand of a watch. Stress of all the elements must be less than an allowable value. Four shape design variables are controllable.

## Results

After analyzing the initial model, the time history of stress using HyperView can be seen.
According to Figure 3, the peaks of stress are at around 0.3 seconds. Since the values of these peaks are the largest, you can expect that the responses at around 0.3 seconds will be dominant in the design process. It is a good practice to "zoom in" on the time period around 0.3 seconds so that the optimization process can consider more precise responses. General steps to address the process in this case follow:
1. Run an analysis model with reasonable number of steps in MBSIM card.
ANALYSIS
$DESOBJ(MIN)=1$
SUBCASE       1
MBSIM =        10
MOTION =       11
DESSUB =      11
SPC = 10

:
:

MBSIM   10      TRANS   END     0.7     NSTEPS   100

Now you can find out the behavior of the structure as in the analysis result image.

2. According to the results post-processed by HyperView, the maximum stresses are developed at around 0.3 seconds. Increase the number of time steps around 0.3 seconds. That is, divide the time period of 0.28 seconds – 0.34 seconds into 200 steps. Increasing the number of time steps in this period provides the optimizer with more information.

The element that has the maximum stress and the corresponding time can be changed as the design changes. Thus, Step 2 does not always work. If the time when maximum stress is developed and corresponding element are expected to change dramatically as the design changes, it is best to consider the changed peak time and corresponding element as much as possible.

3. Replace the previous single MBSIM card with multiple MBSIM cards as the following.
MBSIM   1       TRANS   END     0.28    NSTEPS   50
+         VSTIFF
MBSIM   2       TRANS   END     0.34    NSTEPS   200
+         VSTIFF
MBSIM   3       TRANS   END     0.70    NSTEPS   50
+         VSTIFF
MBSIM   4       TRANS   END     1.0     NSTEPS   100
+         VSTIFF
MBSEQ   10      1       2       3
4. Run the optimization problem by removing ANALYSIS command.
$ANALYSIS DESOBJ(MIN)=1$
SUBCASE       1
MBSIM =        10
MOTION =       11
DESSUB =      11
SPC = 10

:
:
MBSIM   1       TRANS   END     0.28    NSTEPS   50
+         VSTIFF
MBSIM   2       TRANS   END     0.34    NSTEPS   200
+         VSTIFF
MBSIM   3       TRANS   END     0.70    NSTEPS   50
+         VSTIFF
MBSEQ   10      1       2       3

Using the above steps, the design process convergence can be enhanced.