Antennas can have a tilt (up tilt or down tilt). Theoretically tilts with a maximum of
±90° are possible. Positive values describe up tilts, and negative
values are used for down tilts. Practically tilts are most often negative (down tilts) and are
in the region between 0 and –20°.
A down tilt leads to a rotation at the lower end (bottom) of the antenna while an up tilt
leads to a rotation at the upper end (top) of the antenna.
Figure 1. Example for an antenna (R) with a tilt of -5° (down tilt).
Figure 2. Example of an antenna (R) with a tilt of +5° (up tilt).
The sub-arms should be longer in case of a tilt – but in MASC this effect is not modeled as
its influence on the accuracy is not visible in the output pattern.
