Package Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachinesExamples of machines of the FundamentalWave library
Package Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines
This icon indicates a package that contains executable examples.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
AIMC_Conveyor | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage and inverter driving a conveyor |
AIMC_DOL | Direct on line (DOL) start of asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage |
AIMC_DOL_MultiPhase | Direct on line start of multi phase asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage |
AIMC_Initialize | Steady-state initialization of asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage |
AIMC_Inverter | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage and inverter |
AIMC_Steinmetz | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage and Steinmetz-connection |
AIMC_Transformer | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage starting with transformer |
AIMC_withLosses | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage and losses |
AIMC_YD | Asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage starting Y-D |
AIMS_Start | Starting of asynchronous induction machine with slip rings |
AIMS_Start_MultiPhase | Starting of multi phase asynchronous induction machine with slip rings |
SMEE_DOL | ElectricalExcitedSynchronousInductionMachine starting direct on line |
SMEE_Generator | Electrical excited synchronous machine operating as generator |
SMEE_Generator_MultiPhase | Electrical excited multi phase synchronous machine operating as generator |
SMEE_LoadDump | Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousInductionMachine with voltage controller |
SMEE_Rectifier | Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousInductionMachine with rectifier |
SMPM_Braking | Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousInductionMachine acting as brake |
SMPM_CurrentSource | Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousInductionMachine fed by current source |
SMPM_Inverter | Starting of permanent magnet synchronous machine with inverter |
SMPM_Inverter_MultiPhase | Starting of multi phase permanent magnet synchronous machine with inverter |
SMPM_VoltageSource | Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousInductionMachine fed by FOC |
SMR_Inverter | Starting of synchronous reluctance machine with inverter |
SMR_Inverter_MultiPhase | Starting of multi phase synchronous reluctance machine with inverter |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_DOL
At start time tStart three phase voltage is supplied to the asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage. The machine starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator currentaimcM|E.wMechanical: machine speedaimcM|E.tauElectrical: machine torqueExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tOn | 0.1 | Start time of machine |
Torque | T_Load | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | w_Load | 0.016666666666667 * (2880.9 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
Integer | p | 2 | Number of pole pairs |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_DOL_MultiPhase
At start time tStart voltages are supplied to the multi phase asynchronous induction machines with squirrel cage. The machines starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed. Two equivalent machines with different numbers of phases are compared and their equal behavior is demonstrated.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
aimcM|M3.tauElectrical: machine torqueaimsM/M3.wMechanical: machine speedfeedback.y: zero since difference of three phase current phasor and scaled multi phase current phasor are equalExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 5 | Number of stator phases |
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tOn | 0.1 | Start time of machine |
Torque | T_Load | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | w_Load | 0.016666666666667 * (2880.9 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
Integer | p | 2 | Number of pole pairs |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_YD
At start time tStart three phase voltage is supplied to the asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage, first star-connected, then delta-connected; the machine starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tStart1 | 0.1 | Start time |
Time | tStart2 | 2 | Start time from Y to D |
Torque | TLoad | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | wLoad | 0.016666666666667 * (2880.9 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_Transformer
At start time tStart1 three phase voltage is supplied to the asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage via the transformer; the machine starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed; at start time tStart2 the machine is fed directly from the voltage source, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tStart1 | 0.1 | Start time |
Time | tStart2 | 2 | Start time of bypass transformer |
Torque | TLoad | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | wLoad | 0.016666666666667 * (2880.9 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
TransformerData | transformerData | ||
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_Inverter
An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage to start, and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Frequency | f | fNominal | Maximum operational frequency |
Time | tRamp | 1 | Frequency ramp |
Torque | TLoad | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
Time | tStep | 1.2 | Time of load torque step |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_Conveyor
An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is driven by a load cycle of acceleration, constant speed, deceleration and standstill. The mechanical load is a constant torque like a conveyor (with regularization around zero speed).
Simulate for 20 seconds and plot (versus time):
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * fNominal / aimcData.p | Nominal speed |
Torque | TLoad | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
Length | r | 0.05 | Transmission radius |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_Steinmetz
At start time tStart single phase voltage is supplied to the asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage; the machine starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tStart1 | 0.1 | Start time |
Capacitance | Cr | 0.0035 | Motor's running capacitor |
Capacitance | Cs | 5 * Cr | Motor's (additional) starting capacitor |
AngularVelocity | wSwitch | 0.016666666666667 * (2700 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Speed for switching off the starting capacitor |
Torque | TLoad | 107.6 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | wLoad | 0.016666666666667 * (2925 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_withLosses
| Current | I_sim | I_meas |
| Speed | w_sim | w_meas |
| Power factor | pf_sim | pf_meas |
| Efficiency | eff_sim | eff_meas |
Machine parameters are taken from a standard 18.5 kW 400 V 50 Hz motor, simulation results are compared with measurements.
| Nominal stator current | 32.85 | A |
| Power factor | 0.898 | |
| Speed | 1462.5 | rpm |
| Electrical input | 20,443.95 | W |
| Stator copper losses | 770.13 | W |
| Stator core losses | 410.00 | W |
| Rotor copper losses | 481.60 | W |
| Stray load losses | 102.22 | W |
| Friction losses | 180.00 | W |
| Mechanical output | 18,500.00 | W |
| Efficiency | 90.49 | % |
| Nominal torque | 120.79 | Nm |
| Stator resistance per phase | 0.56 | Ω |
| Temperature coefficient | copper | |
| Reference temperature | 20 | °C |
| Operation temperature | 90 | °C |
| Stator leakage reactance at 50 Hz | 1.52 | Ω |
| Main field reactance at 50 Hz | 66.40 | Ω |
| Rotor leakage reactance at 50 Hz | 2.31 | Ω |
| Rotor resistance per phase | 0.42 | Ω |
| Temperature coefficient | aluminium | |
| Reference temperature | 20 | °C |
| Operation temperature | 90 | °C |
See:
Anton Haumer, Christian Kral, Hansjörg Kapeller, Thomas Bäuml, Johannes V. Gragger
The AdvancedMachines Library: Loss Models for Electric Machines
Modelica 2009, 7th International Modelica Conference
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMC_Initialize
The asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage is initialized in steady-state at no-load; at time tStart a load torque step is applied.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimcData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
AngularVelocity | wSync | 2 * pi * fNominal / aimc.p | |
Time | tStart | 0.5 | Start time |
Torque | TLoad | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | wLoad | 0.016666666666667 * (2880.9 * Modelica.Constants.pi) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
AIM_SquirrelCageData | aimcData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMS_Start
At start time tOn three phase voltage is supplied to the
asynchronous induction machine with sliprings.
The machine starts from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed,
using a starting resistance. At time tRheostat external rotor resistance is shortened, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator currentaimsM/E.wMechanical: machine speedaimsM|E.tauElectrical: machine torqueExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimsData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tOn | 0.1 | Start time of machine |
Resistance | RStart | 0.16 / aimsData.turnsRatio ^ 2 | Starting resistance |
Time | tRheostat | 1 | Time of shortening the rheostat |
Torque | T_Load | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | w_Load | Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1440.45) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
AIM_SlipRingData | aimsData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.AIMS_Start_MultiPhase
At start time tOn voltages are supplied to the
asynchronous induction machines with sliprings.
The two machine start from standstill, accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed,
using a starting resistance. At time tRheostat external rotor resistance is shortened, finally reaching nominal speed. Two equivalent machines with different numbers of phases are compared and their equal behavior is demonstrated.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
aimcM|M3.tauElectrical: machine torqueaimsM|M3.wMechanical: machine speedfeedback.y: zero since difference of three phase current phasor and scaled multi phase current phasor are equalExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 5 | Number of stator phases |
Integer | mr | 5 | Number of rotor phases |
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | aimsData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Time | tOn | 0.1 | Start time of machine |
Resistance | RStart | 0.16 / aimsData.turnsRatio ^ 2 | Starting resistance |
Time | tRheostat | 1 | Time of shortening the rheostat |
Torque | T_Load | 161.4 | Nominal load torque |
AngularVelocity | w_Load | Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1440.45) | Nominal load speed |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
AIM_SlipRingData | aimsData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMPM_Inverter
An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the permanent magnet synchronous induction machine to start, and accelerate the inertias.
At time tStep a load step is applied. Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator currentsmpmM|E.wMechanical: machine speedsmpmM|E.tauElectrical: machine torquerotorAnglepmsmM|E.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angleExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smpmData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Frequency | fKnee | 50 | Knee frequency of V/f curve |
Time | tRamp | 1 | Frequency ramp |
Torque | T_Load | 181.4 | Nominal load torque |
Time | tStep | 1.2 | Time of load torque step |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
SM_PermanentMagnetData | smpmData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMPM_Inverter_MultiPhase
An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using VfControllers and SignalVoltagess. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the permanent magnet synchronous induction machines to start, and accelerate the inertias. Two equivalent machines with different numbers of phases are compared and their equal behavior is demonstrated.
At time tStep a load step is applied. Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
aimcM|M3.tauElectrical: machine torqueaimsM|M3.wMechanical: machine speedfeedback.y: zero since difference of three phase current phasor and scaled multi phase current phasor are equalExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 5 | Number of stator phases |
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smpmData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Frequency | fKnee | 50 | Knee frequency of V/f curve |
Time | tRamp | 1 | Frequency ramp |
Torque | T_Load | 181.4 | Nominal load torque |
Time | tStep | 1.2 | Time of load torque step |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
SM_PermanentMagnetData | smpmData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMPM_CurrentSource
A synchronous induction machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are converted to three-phase currents, and fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.
Default machine parameters are used.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Current | Idq[2] | {-53.5, 84.6} | Desired d- and q-current |
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * smpmData.fsNominal / smpmData.p | Nominal speed |
Torque | TLoad | 181.4 | Nominal load torque |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
SM_PermanentMagnetData | smpmData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMPM_VoltageSource
A synchronous induction machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are controlled by the voltageController, and the output voltages fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.
Default machine parameters are used
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Current | Idq[2] | {-53.5, 84.6} | Desired d- and q-current |
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * smpmData.fsNominal / smpmData.p | Nominal speed |
Torque | TLoad | 181.4 | Nominal load torque |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
SM_PermanentMagnetData | smpmData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMPM_Braking
A synchronous induction machine with permanent magnets starts braking from nominal speed by feeding a diode bridge, which in turn feeds a braking resistor. Since induced voltage is reduced proportional to falling speed, the braking resistance is set proportional to speed to achieve constant current and torque.
Default machine parameters are used
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Resistance | R | 1 | Nominal braking resistance |
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * smpmData.fsNominal / smpmData.p | Nominal speed |
Inertia | JLoad | 0.29 | Load's moment of inertia |
SM_PermanentMagnetData | smpmData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMEE_DOL
An electrically excited synchronous generator is started direct on line utilizing the damper cage (and the shorted excitation winding) at 0 seconds.
At t = 0.5 seconds, the excitation voltage is raised to achieve the no-load excitation current. Note, that reactive power of the stator goes to zero.
At t = 2 second, a driving torque step is applied to the shaft (i.e. the turbine is activated). Note, that the active (and the reactive) power of the stator change. To drive at higher torque, i.e., produce more electric power, excitation has to be adapted.
Simulate for 3 seconds and plot:
smee.tauElectrical: electric torquesmee.wMechanical: mechanical speedcurrentRMSSensor.I: quasi RMS stator currentirRMS: quasi RMS rotor currentsmee.ie: excitation currentrotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angleelectricalSensor.powerTotal: total electric real powermechanicalSensor.power: mechanical powerDefault machine parameters are used.
The mains switch is closed at time = 0 in order to avoid non physical noise calculated by the rotorDisplacementAngle.
This noise is caused by the interaction of the high resistance of the switch and the machine, see
#2388.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 3 | Number of phases |
Voltage | VNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fNominal | 50 | Nominal frequency |
Voltage | Ve | smeeData.Re * smeeData.IeOpenCircuit | Excitation current |
Angle | gamma0 | 0 | Initial rotor displacement angle |
SynchronousMachineData | smeeData |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
output RealOutput | irRMS | Damper cage RMS current |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMEE_Generator_MultiPhase
Two electrically excited synchronous generators are connected to grids and driven with constant speed. Since speed is slightly smaller than synchronous speed corresponding to mains frequency, rotor angle is very slowly increased. Two equivalent machines with different numbers of phases are compared and their equal behavior is demonstrated.
Simulate for 30 seconds and plot (versus rotorAngleM3.rotorDisplacementAngle):
aimcM|M3.tauElectrical: machine torqueaimsM|M3.wMechanical: machine speedfeedback.y: zero since difference of three phase current phasor and scaled multi phase current phasor are equalExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 5 | Number of stator phases |
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smeeData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
AngularVelocity | w | Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1499) | Nominal speed |
Current | Ie | 19 | Excitation current |
Current | Ie0 | 10 | Initial excitation current |
Angle | gamma0 | 0 | Initial rotor displacement angle |
Integer | p | 2 | Number of pole pairs |
Resistance | Rs | 0.03 | Warm stator resistance per phase |
Inductance | Lssigma | 0.1 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Stator stray inductance per phase |
Inductance | Lmd | 1.5 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Main field inductance in d-axis |
Inductance | Lmq | 1.5 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Main field inductance in q-axis |
Inductance | Lrsigmad | 0.05 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Damper stray inductance (equivalent three phase winding) d-axis |
Inductance | Lrsigmaq | Lrsigmad | Damper stray inductance (equivalent three phase winding) q-axis |
Resistance | Rrd | 0.04 | Warm damper resistance (equivalent three phase winding) d-axis |
Resistance | Rrq | Rrd | Warm damper resistance (equivalent three phase winding) q-axis |
SynchronousMachineData | smeeData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMEE_Generator
An electrically excited synchronous generator is connected to the grid and driven with constant speed. Since speed is slightly smaller than synchronous speed corresponding to mains frequency, rotor angle is very slowly increased. This allows to see several characteristics dependent on rotor angle.
Simulate for 30 seconds and plot (versus rotorAngleM.rotorDisplacementAngle):
speedM|E.tauElectrical: machine torquemechanicalPowerSensorM|E.P: mechanical powerExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smeeData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
AngularVelocity | w | Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1499) | Nominal speed |
Current | Ie | 19 | Excitation current |
Current | Ie0 | 10 | Initial excitation current |
Angle | gamma0 | 0 | Initial rotor displacement angle |
Integer | p | 2 | Number of pole pairs |
Resistance | Rs | 0.03 | Warm stator resistance per phase |
Inductance | Lssigma | 0.1 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Stator stray inductance per phase |
Inductance | Lmd | 1.5 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Main field inductance in d-axis |
Inductance | Lmq | 1.5 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Main field inductance in q-axis |
Inductance | Lrsigmad | 0.05 / (2 * Modelica.Constants.pi * fsNominal) | Damper stray inductance (equivalent three phase winding) d-axis |
Inductance | Lrsigmaq | Lrsigmad | Damper stray inductance (equivalent three phase winding) q-axis |
Resistance | Rrd | 0.04 | Warm damper resistance (equivalent three phase winding) d-axis |
Resistance | Rrq | Rrd | Warm damper resistance (equivalent three phase winding) q-axis |
SynchronousMachineData | smeeData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMEE_LoadDump
An electrically excited synchronous generator is started with a speed ramp, then driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. After start-up the generator is loaded, the load is rejected.
Simulate for 10 seconds and plot:
Default machine parameters are used
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * smeeData.fsNominal / smee.p | Nominal speed |
Impedance | ZNominal | 3 * smeeData.VsNominal ^ 2 / smeeData.SNominal | Nominal load impedance |
Real | powerFactor | 0.8 | Load power factor |
Resistance | RLoad | ZNominal * powerFactor | Load resistance |
Inductance | LLoad | ZNominal * sqrt(1 - powerFactor ^ 2) / (2 * pi * smeeData.fsNominal) | Load inductance |
Voltage | Ve0 | smee.IeOpenCircuit * Electrical.Machines.Thermal.convertResistance(smee.Re, smee.TeRef, smee.alpha20e, smee.TeOperational) | No load excitation voltage |
Real | k | 2 * Ve0 / smeeData.VsNominal | Voltage controller: gain |
Time | Ti | 0.5 * smeeData.Td0Transient | Voltage controller: integral time constant |
SynchronousMachineData | smeeData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMEE_Rectifier
An electrically excited synchronous generator is driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. The generator is loaded with a rectifier.
Default machine parameters are used
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
AngularVelocity | wNominal | 2 * pi * smeeData.fsNominal / smee.p | Nominal speed |
Voltage | VDC0 | sqrt(6) * smeeData.VsNominal | No-load DC voltage |
Resistance | RLoad | VDC0 ^ 2 / smeeData.SNominal | Load resistance |
Voltage | Ve0 | smee.IeOpenCircuit * Electrical.Machines.Thermal.convertResistance(smee.Re, smee.TeRef, smee.alpha20e, smee.TeOperational) | No load excitation voltage |
Real | k | 2 * Ve0 / smeeData.VsNominal | Voltage controller: gain |
Time | Ti | 0.5 * smeeData.Td0Transient | Voltage controller: integral time constant |
SynchronousMachineData | smeeData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMR_Inverter
An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a
VfController
and a three-phase SignalVoltage.
Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the
reluctance machine to start,
and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator currentsmrM|E.wMechanical: machine speedsmrM|E.tauElectrical: machine torquerotorAngleM|R.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angleExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smrData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Frequency | fKnee | 50 | Knee frequency of V/f curve |
Time | tRamp | 1 | Frequency ramp |
Torque | T_Load | 46 | Nominal load torque |
Time | tStep | 1.2 | Time of load torque step |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
SM_ReluctanceRotorData | smrData |
Model Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SMR_Inverter_MultiPhase
Ideal frequency inverters are modeled by using a
VfController
and phase SignalVoltages.
Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the
reluctance machine to start,
and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied. Two equivalent machines with different numbers of phases are compared and their equal behavior is demonstrated.
Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):
aimcM|M3.tauElectrical: machine torqueaimsM|M3.wMechanical: machine speedfeedback.y: zero since difference of three phase current phasor and scaled multi phase current phasor are equalExtends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Integer | m | 5 | Number of stator phases |
Voltage | VsNominal | 100 | Nominal RMS voltage per phase |
Frequency | fsNominal | smrData.fsNominal | Nominal frequency |
Frequency | fKnee | 50 | Knee frequency of V/f curve |
Time | tRamp | 1 | Frequency ramp |
Torque | T_Load | 46 | Nominal load torque |
Time | tStep | 1.2 | Time of load torque step |
Inertia | J_Load | 0.29 | Load inertia |
SM_ReluctanceRotorData | smrData |