Parametric distribution in Flux

Introduction

This chapter discusses the establishment of a parametric distribution in Flux for Linux & Windows OS on a single machine. The distributed computing allows the user to save computation time while distributing several independent configurations of a same Flux project. For example a Magnetic Transient project may be distributed regarding different values of parameters such as the geometrical parameters (size, shape etc...) or physical parameters (supply current values, speed...) varying in the scenario. Several projects will run at the same time simulating all those configurations, the main parameter of a distributed computation is the following one:
  • The number of cores (i.e the number of running Flux in parallel);
Note: Contrarily to CDE, this distribution method does not require the administrator rights on the machine.
The following topics are covered in this documentation:
  • Principles;
  • How to set up a parametric distribution with Windows OS on a single machine;
  • How to set up a parametric distribution with Linux OS on a single machine;
  • Define a parametrized scenario in Flux
  • Example of application.

Principles

The parametric distribution allows the user to save computation time by parallelizing several independent configurations of a finite element problem with different values of I/O or geometric parameters varying in the scenario instead of running them sequentially. To set-up a distributed computation, a Flux master project is mandatory in order to compute all its sub-projects having an independent configuration.

The Flux master project controls all the others slaves projects (distribution) and is in charge of the gathering of all the results obtained during the solving process by all the sub-projects Flux as depicted in Figure 1 below:


Figure 1. Picture illustrating a parametric distribution, a Flux master is controlling several Flux Slaves with independent configurations of geometric or I/O parameters.
For this configuration, each Flux slave has the same properties:
  • They all ran with only one core;
  • The amount of memory assigned to the Flux Slaves is set to the same value as the Flux Master, if the memory is setted to Dynamic for the Flux Master, the Flux Slaves will also start with dynamic memory.

How to set up a parametric distribution with Windows OS on a single machine

In Flux 2D and in Flux 3D, the parametric distribution options (number of Flux Slaves in parallel) may be setted in the Supervisor's options or by clicking on the button Distribution manager in the bottom right of the Supervisor. For the Flux Skew module, this feature is not yet available and will run automatically in sequential mode.

In any case, the parametric distribution may be setted as follows:

  • The Distribution manager may be started in the Supervisor's options, in the Parallel Computing menu, in the section Distributed Computing and then Parametric Distribution click on the button Set local ressources as shown below;


    Figure 2. The supervisor's options allowing the user to set the parametric distribution.
  • An additional window Distribution manager should appears and is asking to allow some resources (Number of Flux Slaves in parallel) for the parametric distribution, click on Allow;
  • The Distribution manager then asks for the Number of concurrent Flux as follows:


    Figure 3. The distribution manager asking for the Number of Concurrent Flux.
    Note: This number is directy linked to the number of cores available on the machine, the numbers of varying parameters are automatically distributed over the number of concurrent Flux.
  • Finally, click on Use to complete the parametric distribution

How to set up a parametric distribution with Linux OS on a single machine

In Flux 2D and in Flux 3D, the parametric distribution options (number of Flux Slaves in parallel) may be setted in the Supervisor's options or by clicking on the button Distribution manager in the bottom right of the Supervisor. For the Flux Skew module, this feature is not yet available and will run automatically in sequential mode.

In any case, the parametric distribution may be setted as follows:

  • The parametric distribution may be started by clicking the button Distribution manager in the bottom right of the Supervisor as shown below.


    CAUTION:
    In Windows OS this button will start the CDE distribution tool .
    Figure 4. The distribution manager button in the Flux Supervisor.
  • An additional window Distribution manager should appears and is asking to allow some resources (Number of Flux Slaves in parallel) for the parametric distribution, click on Allow;
  • The Distribution manager then asks for the Number of concurrent Flux as follows:


    Figure 5. The distribution manager asking for the Number of Concurrent Flux.
    Note: This number is directy linked to the number of cores available on the machine, the numbers of varying parameters are automatically distributed over the number of concurrent Flux.
  • Finally, click on Use to complete the parametric distribution
  • The Distribution manager may also be started in the Supervisor's options, in the Parallel Computing menu, in the section Distributed Computing and then Parametric Distribution click on the button Set local ressources;

Define a parametrized scenario in Flux

Once that the distribution has been setted in the Supervisor, it may be employed as follow in a Flux scenario:
  • Check the box Parametric distribution in the selected Scenario.
    Note: All the varying parameters should be declared as Controlled parameters in the Control parameters tab of the scenario as depicted below in Figure 6.


Figure 6. Scenario GUI box, highlightning in (1) the Parametric distribution that is enabled and in (2) a list a of several varying parameters.

Example of application

To show the interest of the parametric distribution, let us consider a project modeling a three-phase, eight-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) using a Flux 2D Transient Magnetic application. This simulation will be controlled by the angular position of the rotor from 0 to 90 degrees with imposed speed which is a time dependant scenario. During the parametric distribution Flux will compute the results for all the parameters combination for each time step.


Figure 7. Three-phase, eight-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) described in Flux 2D.
The goal is to do a parametric distribution over two parameters:
  • The speed which is declared as an I/O parameter controlled by the scenario and that is used by the rotating mechanical set
  • The shape of the magnet with the magnet outer arc value α setted with a geometrical parameter as depicted below.


    Figure 8. Magnet outer arc parametrized with a geometrical parameter that may be selected as a varying parameter during the scenario.
Both parameters may have an influence on the performance of the electrical machine. A table summarizing all the parameters is available below:
Table 1. Table summarizing the parameters, and their variation range
  Magnet outer arc α (degrees) Speed (rpm)
Minimum value 130 1300
Maximum value 170 1700
Step value 10 100
According to the previous, table the number of steps to solve is about 2525 (5*5*101) with five values for the speed, five values for the magnet outer arc over a scenario with 101 time steps.
Note: Be aware that the time steps cannot be separated in concurrent Flux, a strong time relation between the steps is required to solve a Transient Magnetic application. This relation does not exist in the Magneto Static application.
The results yielded by differents types of distribution using a different Number of concurrent Flux setted in the Distribution manager are plotted in Figure 9 while solving the same scenario with 2525 time steps with a different value of Number of concurrent Flux. The computation time with only 1 concurrent Flux (sequential computing) is considered as the reference and is setted to 100% of the solving time.


Figure 9. Graph representing the time computation evolution in function of the number of concurrent Flux.