Torsion

Torsional forces, shown in 図 1, are calculated using the relations:(1)
M x 1 = f x x ( θ x ) + C x x θ ˙ x
(2)
M x 2 = M x 1

Where,

θ x = θ x 2 θ x 1 is the relative rotation of node 1 and 2.

f x x ( θ x ) is the function defining the force-displacement relationship.


図 1. Beam Type Spring Torsion