CVT Model
Symbols used:
= p, for primary pulley
= s, for secondary pulley
Radius Ratio [State] | Pulley’s Minimum Radius | ||
Pulley’s inertia | Pulley’s Maximum Radius | ||
Pulley’s Torque | Pulley’s Axial displacement | ||
Pulley’s Running radius | Maximum Torque | ||
Pulley’s RPM | |||
Belt mass | Distance of flyweight from axis | ||
Belt length | Flyweight mass | ||
Pulley’s distance | Number of rollers | ||
Pulley’s Half angle | Primary pulley Sheave angle | ||
Wrap angle | Primary sheave ramp angle | ||
Helix angle | Internal spring stiffness | ||
Helix radius | Internal spring preloads | ||
Rotational Stiffness of secondary spring | Rotational spring preload | ||
Static Friction Coefficient | Dynamic Friction Coefficient |
1. Kinematic Evaluation
The input to primary pulley comes from engine RPM and are related as:
The output of the secondary pulley is input to the gearbox and are related as:
Once you have running radii and angle you can calculate the pulley’s axial displacements and wrap angles as follows:
2. Clamp For Calculation
The CVT model is set such that it can model mechanical, electric, and hydraulic CVT. By default, MS models a mechanical CVT based on following parameter in CVT property file.
- Primary Pulley Clamping Force:
- The ‘CENTRIFUGAL’ mechanism is used mostly in scooters where the clamping force is generated using the fly weights which rotates about the engine shaft and along the primary pulley sheave. The sheave has a ramp profile which converts the centrifugal force generated by flyweights into the clamping force.
- Ramp Profile
- The curve below shows the relation between the roller distance from shaft centreline
() with axial shift of the sheave in primary pulley ().
The curve below shows the relation between the ramp angle () with the axial shift of the sheave in primary pulley ().
- Secondary Pulley Clamping Force:
- The secondary pulley uses a torsional spring and a torque regulator cam also known as helix cam to generate the clamping force.
3. Shift Ratio Calculation
To calculate the shift ratio, CMM model is used. According to the CMM model, the variator belt will shift if the clamp force ratio on the primary and secondary pulley is not equal to the stationary clamp force ratio. The stationary clamp force is the ratio of clamp force at which the belt is in equilibrium and does not shift.
The coefficient needs to be measured experimentally.
is the stationary clamp force ratio.