Sets
Set entities define and store lists of entity IDs for entities, sets of sets, or lists of set IDs.
Sets can only be generated for certain entity types.
Sets do not have a display state in the modeling window.
Abaqus Cards
User Comment blocks are supported for all sets, and will be preserved during the import and export of the Abaqus input deck.
Sets using the GENERATE parameter can be expanded upon import by enabling the Expand sets defined by range option from the File Options dialog, which opens when you import a solver deck. This option is useful when node/element IDs are renumbered during import.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| *DISTRIBUTION | Define spatial distributions. |
| *ELSET | Assign elements to an element set. |
| *EMBEDDED ELEMENT | Specify an element or a group of elements that lie embedded in a group of “host” elements in a model. |
| *NODAL THICKNESS | Define shell or membrane thickness at nodes. |
| *SURFACE | Define a surface or region in a model. |
ANSYS Cards
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| CMGRP | Groups components and assemblies into an assembly. Note: This is supported as
sets of sets.
|
EXODUS Cards
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| NodeSets | Provides a means to reference a group of nodes with a single ID. Also used to specify load or boundary conditions, or to identify nodes for a special output request. |
LS-DYNA Cards
Default LS-DYNA attribute values for a set can be edited, whereas
individual values cannot be edited.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| *ALE_MULTI-MATERIAL_GROUP | Defines the appropriate ALE material groupings for interface reconstruction when many ALE Multi-Material Groups are present in a model. |
| *DEFINE_HEX_SPOTWELD_ASSEMBLY | Assembly of elements that describes a spotweld. |
| *DEFINE_HEX_SPOTWELD_ASSEMBLY_N | |
| *SET_BEAM(TITLE) | Define a set of beam elements. |
| *SET_BEAM_ADD | Define a beam set by combining beam sets. |
| *SET_BEAM_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generates a block of beam element IDs between a starting ID and an ending ID. |
| *SET_DISCRETE(TITLE) | Define a set of discrete elements. |
| *SET_DISCRETE_ADD | Define a discrete set by combining discrete sets. |
| *SET_DISCRETE_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generates a block of discrete element IDs between a starting ID and an ending ID. |
| *SET_NODE_ADD | Define a node set by combining node sets. |
| *SET_NODE_ADD_ADVANCED | Define a node set by combining node sets or by combining NODE, SHELL, SOLID, BEAM, SEGMENT, DISCRETE and THICK SHELL sets. |
| *SET_NODE_COLUMN | Define a nodal set with some identical or unique attributes. |
| *SET_NODE_LIST(TITLE) | Define a nodal set with some identical or unique attributes. |
| *SET_NODE_LIST_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generate a block of node IDs between a starting nodal ID number and an ending nodal ID number. |
| *SET_PART_ADD | Define a part set by combining part sets. |
| *SET_PART_COLUMN(TITLE) | Define a set of parts with optional attributes. |
| *SET_PART_LIST_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generate a block of part IDs between a starting part ID number and an ending part ID number. |
| *SET_SEGMENT_GENERAL | Definition of contact surface from parts, elements, box. |
| *SET_SHELL_ADD | Define a shell set by combining shell sets. |
| *SET_SHELL_COLUMN | Define a set of shell elements with optional identical or unique attributes. |
| *SET_SHELL_LIST(TITLE) | Define a set of shell elements with optional identical or unique attributes. |
| *SET_SHELL_LIST_GENERATE(TITLE) | Define a set of shell elements with optional identical or unique attributes. |
| *SET_SOLID(TITLE) | Define a set of solid elements. |
| *SET_SOLID_ADD | Define a solid set by combining solid sets. |
| *SET_SOLID_GENERAL | |
| *SET_SOLID_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generate a block of solid element IDs between a starting ID and an ending ID. |
| *SET_TSHELL(TITLE) | Define a set of thick shell elements. |
| *SET_TSHELL_GENERAL | |
| *SET_TSHELL_GENERATE(TITLE) | Generate a block of thick shell element IDs between a starting ID and an ending ID. |
Nastran Cards
When reading input decks that were not created in Engineering Solutions, an attempt
is made to create two sets for each set found: one containing elements and one containing
nodes. You can delete the unnecessary set. Sets that are created are maintained as node or
element sets by using the $HMSET comment cards.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| AECOMP | Defines a component for use in monitor point definition or external splines. |
| AECOMPL | Defines a component for use in aeroelastic monitor point definition or external splines as a union of other components. |
| AELIST | Defines a list of aerodynamic elements or grid ID’s. |
| BCPROP | Defines a 3D contact region by element properties. |
| BOLT | Defines a rigid bolt by a set of MPC constraints. |
| BSURF | Defines a contact body or surface by Element IDs |
| CSUPER | Defines the grid or scalar point connections for identical or mirror image superelements or superelements from an external source. |
| CSUPEXT | Assigns exterior points to a superelement. |
| ERPPNL | Defines one or more panels by referencing sets of elements or properties. |
| PANEL | Defines one or more panels by referencing sets of grid points, elements or properties. |
| ROTHYBD | Specifies hybrid damping data for rotors |
| ROTORG | Specifies grids that compose the rotor line model. |
| RSPINR | Specifies the relative spin rates between rotors for complex eigenvalue,
frequency response, and static analysis. Note: Supported in conjunction with
ROTORG.
|
| RSPINT | Specifies rotor spin rates for Transient analysis. Note: Supported in
conjunction with ROTORG.
|
| SEBNDRY | Defines a list of grid points in a partitioned superelement for the automatic boundary search between a specified superelement or between all other superelements in the model. |
| SEBSET1 | Defines boundary degrees-of-freedom to be fixed (b-set) during generalized dynamic reduction or component mode calculations. |
| SECSET1 | Defines boundary degrees-of-freedom to be free (c-set) during generalized dynamic reduction or component mode synthesis calculations. |
| SEELT | Reassigns superelement boundary elements to an upstream superelement. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SEQSET1 | Defines the generalized degrees-of-freedom of the superelement to be used in generalized dynamic reduction or component mode synthesis. |
| SESET | Defines interior grid points for a superelement. |
| SET | Defines a set of element or grid point numbers to be plotted. Note: Node and
element sets supported with the THRU option.
|
| SET1 | Defines a list of structural grid points or element identification numbers. |
| SET3 | Defines a list of grids, elements or points. |
| SEUSET1 | Defines a degree-of-freedom set for a superelement. |
| SET_FREQ | Frequencies for which output will be printed in frequency response problems |
| SET_GRIDC | Grid point identification numbers and component codes. The values must beof T1, T2, T3, R1, or R3. |
OptiStruct Cards
OptiStruct sets are represented in Engineering Solutions as entity sets. The sets can be composed of grids, elements, design variables, MBD entities, mode numbers, frequencies or times for reference by other input definitions. In addition to the definition of entity sets through the explicit selection of the constituents, it is possible to define a set of nodes or a set of elements through a combination of formulaic expressions.
Sets that are created in Engineering Solutions are maintained on I/O by using the
$HMSET comment cards.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| BORE | Defines the surface, coordinate system, and parameters
required to request Bore Deformation output for Static Analysis Subcases. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| CSUPER | Defines the grid or scalar point connections for identical or mirror image super elements or super elements from an external source |
| CSUPEXT | Defines the Exterior grid points for One-Step
Superelement Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| EL2PROP | Used to assign property ID to elements in DMIG. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| ERPPNL | Defines one or more sets of elements as panels for
equivalent radiated power output for a frequency response analysis of a coupled
fluid-structural model. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| MBDCRV | Defines an ordered list of grids as a Multibody Deformable
Curve. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| MBDSRF | Defines a multibody deformable surface. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| MBPCRV | Defines a Multi-body Parametric Curve using node
sets. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| PANEL | Defines up to four sets of grid points or elements as
panels for panel participation output for a frequency response analysis of a coupled
fluid-structural model. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| PANELG | Defines a set of grid points and/or elements as generic
panel. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| PRETENS | Defines 1D or 3D pre-tensioned bolt section. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| RADSND | Defines a set of grid points where the sound will be
calculated as well as the panels that are generating the sound. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| ROTORG | Specifies grids that determine the Rotor Line
model. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| RSPINR | Defines the relative spin rates between rotors during a
rotor dynamic analysis in Modal Complex Eigenvalue or Frequency Response solution
sequences. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| RSPINT | Defines the rotor spin rates and rotor damping parameters
with respect to time during a Transient Rotor Dynamics Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SEBSET1 | Defines boundary degrees-of-freedom to be fixed (b-set) during generalized dynamic reduction or component mode calculations. |
| SECSET1 | Defines free boundary degrees-of-freedom to be free for
use in One-Step Superelement Analysis (Alternate Format). Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SEQSET1 | Defines the generalized degrees-of-freedom of the
superelement for use in One-Step Superelement Analysis (Alternate Format). Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SESET | Defines the interior grid points for One-Step Superelement
Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_DESVAR | Defines a set of design variables. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_ELEM | Defines a set of elements. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_FREQ | Defines a set of frequencies or time. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_GRID | Defines a set of grids. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_GRIDC | Defines a set of GRID/Component list; intended for use
by PFMODE. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_MODE | Defines a set of mode numbers. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_PLOTEL | Defines a set of PLOTELs. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_PLY | Defines set of ply ID's defined in the
PLY or PCOMPG Data Entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_RIGID | Defines set of rigid elements. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET_TIME | Defines set of real values representing times defined
simply as a list of real values. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
| SET | Defines a set of grids, elements, design variables, MBD
entities, mode numbers, frequencies or times for reference by other input
definitions. Note: Bulk Data Entry
Sets of integer and real values are supported as entity sets. |
| SET3 | Defines a set of grids or elements. Note: Bulk Data Entry
|
PAM-CRASH Cards
During import, entity sets are automatically generated. PAM-CRASH cards with general entity selection generate entity sets.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| GES / | |
| GROUP / | Keyword selection. Note: GROUP / card and general entity selection (GES) are
mapped as set of sets.
A set is created if only one keyword is used. A
set of sets will be created:
|
Permas Cards
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| ESET | Definition of new element sets. An element set may be defined by a list of element numbers or other element set names or using some generation rules. |
| ESETBIN | Definition of element set bins. An element set bin is defined by a list of element set names. |
| NSET | Definition of new node sets. A node set may be defined by a list of node numbers or other node set names or using some generation rules. |
| NSETBIN | Definition of node set bins. A node set bin is defined by a list of node set names. |
| SFSET | Definition of new surface sets. A surface set may be defined by a list of surface numbers or other surface set names or using some generation rules. |
Radioss Cards
Sets of different types but with the same ID are supported.
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| /GRBEAM | Defines the beam groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/BEAM | Defines the beam number groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/BOX | Defines the beam groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRBEAM/BOX2 | Defines the beam groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRBEAM/GRBEAM | Defines the beam groups which are selected from
other beam groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/MAT | Defines the beam material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/PART | Defines the beam part groups which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/PROP | Defines the beam property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBEAM/SUBSET | Defines the beam subset groups which belong to
givens subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC | Defines the brick groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/BOX | Defines the brick box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRBRIC/BOX2 | Defines the brick box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRBRIC/BRIC | Defines the brick number groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/GRBRIC | Defines the brick groups which are selected from
other brick groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/MAT | Defines the brick material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/PART | Defines the brick part groups which belong to
given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/PROP | Defines the brick property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRBRIC/SUBSET | Defines the brick subset groups which belong to
given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD | Defines the node groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/BOX | Defines the node box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GENE | Defines the node groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRBEAM | Defines the node groups which are selected from
beam groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRBRIC | Defines the node groups which are selected from
brick groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRQUAD | Defines the node groups which are selected from
quad groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRSH3N | Defines the 3 node shell groups which are
selected from 3-node shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRSHEL | Defines the 4 node shell groups which are
selected from 4-node shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRSPRI | Defines the node spring groups which are selected
from spring groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/GRTRUS | Defines the node truss groups which are selected
from truss groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/MAT | Defines the node material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/NODE | Defines the node groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/NODENS | Defines the unsortable node number
groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/PART | Defines the node part groups which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/PROP | Defines the node part groups which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/SUBSET | Defines the node subset groups which belong to
given subset. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRNOD/SURF | Defines the node surface groups which belong to
given surfaces. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRPART | Defines the part groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD | Defines the quad groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/BOX | Defines the quad groups are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRQUAD/BOX2 | Defines the quad groups are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRQUAD/GRQUAD | Defines the quad groups which are selected from
other quad groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/MAT | Defines the quad material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/PART | Defines the quad part groups which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/PROP | Defines the quad property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/QUAD | Defines the quad number groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRQUAD/SUBSET | Defines the quad subset groups which belong to
given subsets Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N | Defines the 3-node shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/BOX | Defines the 3-node shell groups which are inside
the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRSH3N/BOX2 | Defines the 3-node shell groups which are inside
the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRSH3N/GRSH3N | Defines the 3-node shell groups which are
selected from other 3-node shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/MAT | Defines the 3-node shell material groups which
belong to given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/PART | Defines the 3-node shell part groups which belong
to given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/PROP | Defines the 3 node shell groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/SH3N | Defines the 3-node shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSH3N/SUBSET | Defines the 3-node shell subset groups which
belong to given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL | Defines the shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/BOX | Defines the shell box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRSHEL/BOX2 | Defines the shell box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRSHEL/GRSHEL | Defines the shell groups which are selected from
other shell groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/MAT | Defines the shell material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/PART | Defines the shell part groups which belong to
given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/PROP | Defines the shell property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/SHEL | Defines the shell number groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSHEL/SUBSET | Defines the shell subset groups which belong to
given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI | Defines the spring groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI/BOX | Defines the spring groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRSPRI/BOX2 | Defines the spring groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRSPRI/GRSPRI | Defines the spring groups which are selected
from other spring groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI/PART | Defines the spring part groups which belong to
given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI/PROP | Defines the spring property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI/SPRI | Defines the spring groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRSPRI/SUBSET | Defines the spring subset groups which belong to
given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS | Defines the truss groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/BOX | Defines the truss box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /GRTRUS/BOX2 | Defines the truss box groups which are inside the
box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /GRTRUS/GRTRUS | Defines the truss groups which are selected from
other truss groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/MAT | Defines the truss material groups which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/PART | Defines the truss part groups which belong to
given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/PROP | Defines the truss property groups which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/SUBSET | Defines the truss subset groups which belong to
given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /GRTRUS/TRUS | Defines the truss groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE | Defines the line. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/BOX | Defines the lines inside the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements having all nodes inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /LINE/BOX2 | Defines the lines inside the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All elements with at least one node inside the box or on its external surface are selected. |
| /LINE/EDGE | Defines the selected edges from given surfaces as
lines. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/GRBEAM | Defines the lines selected from beam
groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/GRTRUS | Defines the lines selected from truss
groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/MAT | Defines the lines which belong to given
materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/PROP | Defines the lines which belong to given
properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /LINE/SURF | Defines the lines which belong to given
surfaces. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF | Defines the surface definition. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/BOX | Defines the surfaces inside the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All segments supported by solids, shells and 3-node shells with all nodes inside the box or on its external surface are selected (segments lying on solid elements are not considered). |
| /SURF/BOX/ALL | Defines the surfaces inside the box (include
inner segments). Note: Block Format Keyword
All segments supported by solids, shells and 3-node shells with all nodes inside the box or on its external surface are selected (segments lying on solid elements are not considered). |
| /SURF/BOX/EXT | Defines the surfaces which are inside the box
(exclude inner segments). Note: Block Format Keyword
All segments supported by solids, shells and 3-node shells with all nodes inside the box or on its external surface are selected (segments lying on solid elements are not considered). |
| /SURF/BOX2 | Defines the surfaces inside the box. Note: Block Format Keyword
All segments with at least one node inside the box or on its surface are selected. |
| /SURF/GRSHELL | Defines the surface selected from shell
groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/MAT | Defines the material surfaces which belong to given
materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/MAT/ALL | Defines the material surfaces which belong to
given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/MAT/EXT | Defines the external material surfaces which
belong to given materials. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PART | Defines the parts surfaces which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PART/ALL | Defines the parts surfaces which belong to given
parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PART/EXT | Defines the external parts surfaces which belong
to given parts. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PLANE | Describes an infinite PLANE surface defined by a
normal vector MM1. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PROP | Defines the property surfaces which belong to given
properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PROP/ALL | Defines the property surfaces which belong to
given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/PROP/EXT | Defines the external property surfaces which
belong to given properties. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/SUBSET | Defines the subset surfaces which belong to given
subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/SUBSET/ALL | Defines the subset surfaces which belong to
given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/SUBSET/EXT | Defines the external subset surfaces which
belong to given subsets. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
| /SURF/SURF | Defines the surface selected from other
surfaces. Note: Block Format Keyword
|
Samcef Cards
| Card | Description |
|---|---|
| .SEL NOE | Defines a set of grids. |
| .SEL MAI | Defines a set of elements. |